Swans are among the longest-lived waterfowl and often pair for many years. Here is how long swans live in the wild and in captivity.
How long swans live
Wild swans commonly live around 10 to 20 years, with many reaching the upper end once they survive their vulnerable first year. In captivity or protected settings, where food is reliable and predators are absent, swans can live longer still, occasionally into their late twenties or beyond. Mute swans, whooper swans and other species have broadly similar lifespans. Their long lives suit their habit of forming lasting pair bonds and returning to the same territories each year.
What affects a swan's lifespan
Many swans die young from predators, disease, harsh winters or collisions with power lines. Lead poisoning from swallowing discarded fishing weights and litter has historically been a serious threat. Safe habitat, clean water and a good food supply all help swans live longer. Adult swans have few natural predators thanks to their size and strength. For related lifespans, see how long ducks live and our water birds hub.