Bird lice are small parasites that live on a bird's feathers and skin. They are less common in indoor pet birds than mites, but they cause similar irritation, and it is worth knowing the signs.
What bird lice are
Bird lice are tiny wingless insects that live permanently on the host, feeding on feathers, skin debris and sometimes skin. Unlike some mites, most lice stay on the bird full-time rather than hiding in the cage. They are more common in poultry and outdoor birds than in indoor pet birds, but any bird can pick them up.
Signs of lice
Watch for excessive scratching and preening, restlessness, feather damage or dull, ragged feathers, and in some cases visible lice or their pale eggs (nits) glued to the feather shafts. A heavy infestation can leave a bird irritated and run-down, so it is worth acting early.
Treatment and prevention
See an avian vet for the right diagnosis and treatment — lice and mites are treated differently, and a vet can prescribe a safe, effective product. Clean the cage and surroundings thoroughly at the same time. Prevent problems by quarantining new birds, keeping things clean, and avoiding contact with wild birds and poultry. Be cautious with pet-shop parasite sprays, which are often ineffective and can give off fumes that harm birds.